Original Research

Use of ethnoveterinary medicinal plants in cattle by Setswana-speaking people in the Madikwe area of the North West Province of South Africa

D. Van der Merwe, G.E. Swan, C.J. Botha
Journal of the South African Veterinary Association | Vol 72, No 4 | a651 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/jsava.v72i4.651 | © 2001 D. Van der Merwe, G.E. Swan, C.J. Botha | This work is licensed under CC Attribution 4.0
Submitted: 09 July 2001 | Published: 09 July 2001

About the author(s)

D. Van der Merwe,
G.E. Swan,
C.J. Botha,

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Abstract

Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) methods were employed to document the use of ethnoveterinary medicinal plants in cattle by Setswana-speaking people in the Madikwe area of the North West Province of South Africa. The study indicated that Setswana-speaking people in the North West Province have a rich heritage of ethnoveterinary knowledge, which includes all aspects of ethnoveterinary medicinal plant use. Information was gathered from informants through individual interviews, group interviews, guided field walks and observations. Ethnoveterinary uses in cattle of 45 plant species representing 24 families were recorded. Plants were used in 84 % of the total number of recorded ethnoveterinary remedies. These plants were used alone (64 %) or in mixtures (36 %) for 29 indications. The most important indications were retained placenta, diarrhoea, gallsickness, fractures, eye inflammation, general ailments, fertility enhancement, general gastrointestinal problems, heartwater, internal parasites, coughing, redwater and reduction of tick burden. Plant materials were prepared in various ways including infusion, decoction, ground fresh material, sap expressed from fresh material, charred and dried. The most common dosage formwas a liquid for oral dosing. Other dosage forms included drops, licks, ointments, lotions and powders. Liquid remedies for oral dosing were always administered using a bottle. Medicinal plant material was preferably stored in a dried form in a cool place out of direct sunlight and wind. Lack of transfer of ethnoveterinary knowledge to younger generations puts this knowledge at risk. RRA was found to be a successful method of investigation for the study of ethnoveterinary medicine.

Keywords

Cattle; Ethnobotany; Ethnoveterinary Medicine; EVM; Herbal Medicine; Madikwe; North West Province; Rapid Rural Appraisal; Traditional Medicine

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Mompati Vincent Chakale, Obakeng Mooki, Keamogela Innocentia Nko, George Sedupane, Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu
South African Journal of Botany  vol: 184  first page: 1010  year: 2025  
doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2025.06.040

70. Ethnoveterinary botanical medicine in South Africa: A review of research from the last decade (2009 to 2019)
Lyndy J. McGaw, Ibukun M. Famuyide, Edward T. Khunoana, Adeyemi O. Aremu
Journal of Ethnopharmacology  vol: 257  first page: 112864  year: 2020  
doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112864

71. Indigenous knowledge and use of medicinal plants for ethnoveterinary within the North West Province, South Africa
Rendani Victress Ndou, Simeon Albert Materechera, Mulunda Mwanza, Wilfred Otang-Mbeng, Mooki Fabridge Ijane
Frontiers in Veterinary Science  vol: 10  year: 2023  
doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1273562

72. An ethno-veterinary survey of medicinal plants used to treat bacterial diseases of livestock in three geographical areas of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.
Mthi S., Rust J.M., Morgenthal T.L., Moyo B.
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research  vol: 12  issue: 18  first page: 240  year: 2018  
doi: 10.5897/JMPR2017.6444

73. Antibacterial screening, synergy studies and phenolic content of seven South African medicinal plants against drug-sensitive and -resistant microbial strains
M. Vambe, A.O. Aremu, J.C. Chukwujekwu, J.F. Finnie, J. Van Staden
South African Journal of Botany  vol: 114  first page: 250  year: 2018  
doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2017.11.011

74. The ethnobotany and antimicrobial activity of selected medicinal plants from Ga-Mashashane, Limpopo Province, South Africa
L.A. Papo, S.F. Van Vuuren, A.N. Moteetee
South African Journal of Botany  vol: 149  first page: 196  year: 2022  
doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2022.06.007

75. Ethnoveterinary medicinal plants for animal therapy in the Rif, North of Morocco
Noureddine Chaachouay, Abdelhamid Azeroual, Bouchaib Bencharki, Allal Douira, Lahcen Zidane
South African Journal of Botany  vol: 147  first page: 176  year: 2022  
doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2021.12.037

76. Biological and medicinal properties of Pouzolzia mixta solms (Urticaceae): a narrative review
A Maroyi
African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development  vol: 23  issue: 10  first page: 24825  year: 2023  
doi: 10.18697/ajfand.125.23570

77. Acacia karroo Hayne: Ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of an important medicinal plant in southern Africa
Alfred Maroyi
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine  vol: 10  issue: 4  first page: 351  year: 2017  
doi: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.03.021

78. Ethno Veterinary Practices Prevalent Among Livestock Rearers at Arbe Gona And Loka Abaya Woredas of Sidama Zone of Southern Ethiopia
Sandip Banerjee, Hiwot Bekele, Mohamed Beyan Ahmed
Proceedings of the Zoological Society  vol: 68  issue: 2  first page: 189  year: 2015  
doi: 10.1007/s12595-014-0120-9

79. The efficacy and safety of nine South African medicinal plants in controlling Bacillus anthracis Sterne vaccine strain
Ishaku Leo Elisha, Jean-Paul Dzoyem, Francien S. Botha, Jacobus Nicolaas Eloff
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine  vol: 16  issue: 1  year: 2015  
doi: 10.1186/s12906-015-0980-1

80. Ethnoveterinary Potential of Acacia (Vachellia and Senegalia) Species for Managing Livestock Health in Africa: From Traditional Uses to Therapeutic Applications
Nokwethemba N. P. Msimango, Adeyemi O. Aremu, Stephen O. Amoo, Nqobile A. Masondo
Plants  vol: 14  issue: 19  first page: 3107  year: 2025  
doi: 10.3390/plants14193107

81. The importance of an indigenous tree to southern African communities with specific relevance to its domestication and commercialization: a case of the marula tree
Neo C. Mokgolodi, You-fang Ding, Moffat P. Setshogo, Chao Ma, Yu-jun Liu
Forestry Studies in China  vol: 13  issue: 1  first page: 36  year: 2011  
doi: 10.1007/s11632-011-0110-1

82. Ethnoecological knowledge of ticks and treatment of tick-borne diseases among Maasai people in Northern Tanzania
John Kioko, Julia Baker, Avery Shannon, Christian Kiffner
Veterinary World  vol: 8  issue: 6  first page: 755  year: 2015  
doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.755-762

83. Selected southern African medicinal plants with low cytotoxicity and good activity against bovine mastitis pathogens
P. Sserunkuma, L.J. McGaw, I.V. Nsahlai, J. Van Staden
South African Journal of Botany  vol: 111  first page: 242  year: 2017  
doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2017.03.032

84. Bioactive Molecules, Ethnomedicinal Uses, Toxicology, and Pharmacology of Peltophorum africanum Sond (Fabaceae): Systematic Review
Nkoana I. Mongalo, Maropeng V. Raletsena
Plants  vol: 14  issue: 2  first page: 239  year: 2025  
doi: 10.3390/plants14020239

85. Bioprospection for antiviral compounds from selected medicinal plants against RNA polymerase of rotavirus A using molecular modelling and density functional theory
Adedayo Ayodeji Lanrewaju, Abimbola Motunrayo Folami, Saheed Sabiu, Feroz Mahomed Swalaha
Chemical Physics Impact  vol: 9  first page: 100745  year: 2024  
doi: 10.1016/j.chphi.2024.100745

86. A Review of Ethnomedicinal Plants as Potential Anthelmintic Agents to Alternatively Control Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Ruminants in South Africa
Lindokuhle Christopher Mhlongo, Cresswell Mseleku, Thando Tenza, Sylvester Werekeh Fomum, Lyndy Joy McGaw, Abubeker Hassen, Ignatius Verla Nsahlai, Bernard Marchand
Journal of Parasitology Research  vol: 2024  first page: 1  year: 2024  
doi: 10.1155/2024/7955692

87. In vitro anthelmintic, antibacterial and cytotoxic effects of extracts from plants used in South African ethnoveterinary medicine
L.J. McGaw, D. Van der Merwe, J.N. Eloff
The Veterinary Journal  vol: 173  issue: 2  first page: 366  year: 2007  
doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.09.004

88. Commercialization Potential of Six Selected Medicinal Plants Commonly Used for Childhood Diseases in South Africa: A Review
Peter Tshepiso Ndhlovu, Abiodun Olusola Omotayo, Wilfred Otang-Mbeng, Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu
Sustainability  vol: 14  issue: 1  first page: 177  year: 2021  
doi: 10.3390/su14010177

89. Floristic composition and utilization of ethnomedicinal plant species in home gardens of the Eastern Himalaya
Nazir A. Pala, Biplov C. Sarkar, Gopal Shukla, Nakul Chettri, Shovik Deb, Jahangeer A. Bhat, Sumit Chakravarty
Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine  vol: 15  issue: 1  year: 2019  
doi: 10.1186/s13002-019-0293-4

90. Medicinal plants used to control internal and external parasites in goats
Marcia Sanhokwe, Johnfisher Mupangwa, Patrick J. Masika, Viola Maphosa, Voster Muchenje
Onderstepoort J Vet Res  vol: 83  issue: 1  year: 2016  
doi: 10.4102/ojvr.v83i1.1016

91. Ziziphus mucronata Willd. (Rhamnaceae): it's botany, toxicity, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities
N.I. Mongalo, S.S. Mashele, T.J. Makhafola
Heliyon  vol: 6  issue: 4  first page: e03708  year: 2020  
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03708

92. A Review of Ethnoveterinary Knowledge, Biological Activities and Secondary Metabolites of Medicinal Woody Plants Used for Managing Animal Health in South Africa
Kelebogile Martha Selogatwe, John Awungnjia Asong, Madeleen Struwig, Rendani Victress Ndou, Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu
Veterinary Sciences  vol: 8  issue: 10  first page: 228  year: 2021  
doi: 10.3390/vetsci8100228

93. Cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antilipoxygenase activities and phenolic composition of Ozoroa and Searsia species (Anacardiaceae) used in South African traditional medicine for treating diarrhoea
Aroke S. Ahmed, Lyndy J. McGaw, Nivan Moodley, Vinasan Naidoo, Jacobus N. Eloff
South African Journal of Botany  vol: 95  first page: 9  year: 2014  
doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2014.07.013

94. The antiviral activity of six South African plants traditionally used against infections in ethnoveterinary medicine
Victor P. Bagla, Lyndy J. McGaw, Jacobus N. Eloff
Veterinary Microbiology  vol: 155  issue: 2-4  first page: 198  year: 2012  
doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.09.015

95. Review of ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity of Vachellia (Acacia) species in eastern and southern Africa
Charles Sewanu Oluwaseun Akapo, Neo Mokgadi Mametja, Thanyani Emelton Ramadwa, Harry Ngwangwa, Fulufhelo Nemavhola, Thanyani Pandelani, Andrew Rowland Opoku, Tracy Madimabi Masebe
South African Journal of Botany  vol: 185  first page: 468  year: 2025  
doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2025.07.051

96. Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Studies of Antidiabetic Phenolic Compound Isolated from Leaf Extract of Englerophytum magalismontanum (Sond.) T.D.Penn.
Oyinlola Oluwunmi Olaokun, Sizakele Annousca Manonga, Muhammad Sulaiman Zubair, Saipul Maulana, Nqobile Monate Mkolo
Molecules  vol: 27  issue: 10  first page: 3175  year: 2022  
doi: 10.3390/molecules27103175

97. Species richness and folk therapeutic uses of ethnomedicinal plants in West Bengal, India – A meta-analysis
Vineeta, Gopal Shukla, Jahangeer A. Bhat, Sumit Chakravarty
Phytomedicine Plus  vol: 2  issue: 1  first page: 100158  year: 2022  
doi: 10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100158

98. Acute and 28-Day Repeated-Dose Oral Toxicity of the Herbal Formula Guixiong Yimu San in Mice and Sprague–Dawley Rats
Ling Wang, Jiongjie He, Lianghong Wu, Xueqin Wu, Baocheng Hao, Shengyi Wang, Dongan Cui
Veterinary Sciences  vol: 10  issue: 10  first page: 615  year: 2023  
doi: 10.3390/vetsci10100615

99. Ethnoveterinary use of southern African plants and scientific evaluation of their medicinal properties
L.J. McGaw, J.N. Eloff
Journal of Ethnopharmacology  vol: 119  issue: 3  first page: 559  year: 2008  
doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.06.013

100. An analysis of the ethnoveterinary medicinal uses of the genus Aloe L. for animal diseases in Africa
Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu, Ibraheem Oduola Lawal
South African Journal of Botany  vol: 147  first page: 976  year: 2022  
doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2022.02.022

101. South African medicinal plants as natural defences against bovine mastitis: a review
Nelisiwe P. Masuku, Rosemary C. Erhabor, Tsholofelo A. Mokoka, Rolivhuwa B. Ramagoma, Kholosa Maqolo, Lyndy J. McGaw
South African Journal of Botany  vol: 184  first page: 1234  year: 2025  
doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2025.07.019

102. Elephantorrhiza elephantina: Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of an Important Medicinal Plant Species in Southern Africa
Alfred Maroyi, Sandy van Vuuren
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine  vol: 2017  issue: 1  year: 2017  
doi: 10.1155/2017/6403905