Original Research

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple-organ damage / dysfunction in complicated canine babesiosis

C. Welzl, A.L. Leisewitz, L.S. Jacobson, T. Vaughan-Scott, E. Myburgh
Journal of the South African Veterinary Association | Vol 72, No 3 | a640 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/jsava.v72i3.640 | © 2001 C. Welzl, A.L. Leisewitz, L.S. Jacobson, T. Vaughan-Scott, E. Myburgh | This work is licensed under CC Attribution 4.0
Submitted: 09 July 2001 | Published: 09 July 2001

About the author(s)

C. Welzl,
A.L. Leisewitz,
L.S. Jacobson,
T. Vaughan-Scott,
E. Myburgh,

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Abstract

This study was designed to document the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in dogs with complicated babesiosis, and to assess their impact on outcome. Ninety-one cases were evaluated retro-spectively for SIRS and 56 for MODS. The liver, kidneys, lungs, central nervous system and musculature were assessed. Eighty-seven percent of cases were SIRS-positive. Fifty-two percent of the cases assessed for organ damage had single-organ damage and 48 % had MODS. Outcome was not significantly affected by either SIRS or MODS, but involvement of specific organs had a profound effect. Central nervous system involvement resulted in a 57 times greater chance of death and renal involvement in a 5-fold increased risk compared to all other complications. Lung involvement could not be statistically evaluated owing to co-linearity with other organs, but was associated with high mortality. Liver and muscle damage were common, but did not significantly affect outcome. There are manysimilarities between the observations in this study and previous human and animal studies in related fields, lending additional support to the body of evidence for shared underlying pathophysiological mechanisms in systemic inflammatory states.

Keywords

Babesia Canis; Babesiosis; Canine; MODS; Multiple-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome; Multiple-Organ Failure; SIRS; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

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67. Evaluation of acute kidney injury in dogs with complicated or uncomplicated Babesia rossi infection
P. Defauw, J.P. Schoeman, A.L. Leisewitz, A. Goddard, L. Duchateau, L. Aresu, E. Meyer, S. Daminet
Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases  vol: 11  issue: 3  first page: 101406  year: 2020  
doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101406

68. Pathological and molecular diagnosis of concurrent canine babesiosis and pyometra in a Belgian Malandis bitch
Samson E. Abalaka, Joseph O. Omamegbe, Yila N. Tokara, Nuhu A. Sani, Idoko S. Idoko, Oremeyi Z. Tenuche, Jonas A. Onah, Sunday A. Ejeh, Tobias N. Egbe-Nwiyi, Shodeinde V. O. Shoyinka
Comparative Clinical Pathology  vol: 30  issue: 5  first page: 721  year: 2021  
doi: 10.1007/s00580-021-03257-6

69. Renal azotemia and associated clinical and laboratory findings in dogs with Babesia rossi infection
P. Defauw, S. Daminet, A.L. Leisewitz, A. Goddard, D. Paepe, L. Duchateau, J.P. Schoeman
Veterinary Parasitology  vol: 260  first page: 22  year: 2018  
doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.07.012

70. Development and validation of a multiplex, real-time PCR assay for Babesia rossi and Babesia vogeli
Milana Troskie, Lourens de Villiers, Andrew Leisewitz, Marinda C. Oosthuizen, Melvyn Quan
Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases  vol: 10  issue: 2  first page: 421  year: 2019  
doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.12.004

71. Hemostatic Abnormalities in Uncomplicated Babesiosis (Babesia rossi) in Dogs
C. Liebenberg, A. Goddard, B. Wiinberg, M. Kjelgaard‐Hansen, L.L. van der Merwe, P.N. Thompson, P.T. Matjila, J.P. Schoeman
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine  vol: 27  issue: 1  first page: 150  year: 2013  
doi: 10.1111/jvim.12016

72. Platelet activation and platelet–leukocyte interaction in dogs naturally infected with Babesia rossi
Amelia Goddard, Andrew L. Leisewitz, Annemarie T. Kristensen, Johan P. Schoeman
The Veterinary Journal  vol: 205  issue: 3  first page: 387  year: 2015  
doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.05.008

73. Abdominal compartment syndrome in a dog with babesiosis
Kenneth E. Joubert, Patricia A. Oglesby, Justine Downie, Tania Serfontein
Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care  vol: 17  issue: 2  first page: 184  year: 2007  
doi: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2006.00219.x

74. Did disease constrain the spread of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) into Sub-Saharan Africa?
Peter Mitchell
Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa  vol: 50  issue: 1  first page: 92  year: 2015  
doi: 10.1080/0067270X.2015.1006441

75. Septic shock in canine babesiosis
Vesna Matijatko, Ivana Kiš, Marin Torti, Mirna Brkljačić, Nada Kučer, Renata Barić Rafaj, Darko Grden, Tanja Živičnjak, Vladimir Mrljak
Veterinary Parasitology  vol: 162  issue: 3-4  first page: 263  year: 2009  
doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.03.011

76. Canine Babesiosis: Where Do We Stand?
Bilić Petra, Kuleš Josipa, Barić Rafaj Renata, Mrljak Vladimir
Acta Veterinaria  vol: 68  issue: 2  first page: 127  year: 2018  
doi: 10.2478/acve-2018-0011

77. Vorkommen von kaniner Babesiose bei Hunden im Rhein-Main-Gebiet in Hessen – eine Fallstudie mit 81 Hunden
Stephanie Seibert, Antje Rohrberg, Alexandra Stockinger, Stephanie Schaalo, Imke März
Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere / Heimtiere  vol: 50  issue: 03  first page: 162  year: 2022  
doi: 10.1055/a-1704-6604

78. Endocrine predictors of mortality in canine babesiosis caused by Babesia canis rossi
Johan P. Schoeman, Philip Rees, Michael E. Herrtage
Veterinary Parasitology  vol: 148  issue: 2  first page: 75  year: 2007  
doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.06.010

79. Soluble parasite antigens from Babesia canis do not directly activate the kallikrein system in dogs infected with Babesia canis
A.-L. Finizio, J.A.G.M. Kleuskens, J. Van De Crommert, A. Gorenflot, B. Carcy, Th.P.M. Schetters
Veterinary Parasitology  vol: 176  issue: 2-3  first page: 132  year: 2011  
doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.11.005

80. Kanine Babesiose – Teil 1: Verbreitung, Übertragung, Symptome und Diagnostik
Catharina Cynthia Euler
kleintier konkret  vol: 25  issue: 04  first page: 34  year: 2022  
doi: 10.1055/a-1809-0602

81. Successful treatment of suspect Babesia‐induced ARDS in a dog using lung‐protective positive‐pressure ventilation and neuromuscular blockade
Ian M. DeStefano, Annie S. Wayne, Sarah E. Cudney, Elizabeth A. Rozanski
Clinical Case Reports  vol: 10  issue: 8  year: 2022  
doi: 10.1002/ccr3.6234

82. Haematological indices and immune response profiles in dogs naturally infected and co-infected with Dirofilaria repens and Babesia canis
Dagmara Wężyk, Karolina Romanczuk, Anna Rodo, Dziyana Kavalevich, Anna Bajer
Scientific Reports  vol: 13  issue: 1  year: 2023  
doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-29011-2

83. Serum proteome profiling of naturally acquired Babesia rossi infection in dogs
Josipa Kuleš, Ivana Rubić, Vladimir Farkaš, Renata Barić Rafaj, Jelena Gotić, Martina Crnogaj, Richard Burchmore, David Eckersall, Vladimir Mrljak, Andrew L. Leisewitz
Scientific Reports  vol: 13  issue: 1  year: 2023  
doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-37312-9

84. Hematological alterations in large Babesia species infection in dogs of Kannur District of Kerala
P. Preena, Sherin B. Sarangom, K. V. Ramesh Kumar, S. Seeja, S. Rajalekshmi
Journal of Parasitic Diseases  vol: 45  issue: 4  first page: 1090  year: 2021  
doi: 10.1007/s12639-021-01404-y

85. Canine babesiosis in Europe: how many diseases?
Vesna Matijatko, Marin Torti, Theo P. Schetters
Trends in Parasitology  vol: 28  issue: 3  first page: 99  year: 2012  
doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2011.11.003

86. Glucose, lactate, and pyruvate concentrations in dogs with babesiosis
Linda S. Jacobson, Remo G. Lobetti
American Journal of Veterinary Research  vol: 66  issue: 2  first page: 244  year: 2005  
doi: 10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.244

87. A clinical and pathological description of 320 cases of naturally acquired Babesia rossi infection in dogs
Andrew L. Leisewitz, Amelia Goddard, Sarah Clift, Peter N. Thompson, Jill de Gier, Jessica M.A.J.A.J. Van Engelshoven, Johan P. Schoeman
Veterinary Parasitology  vol: 271  first page: 22  year: 2019  
doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.06.005

88. Clinical manifestations of canine babesiosis in Hungary (63 cases)
Á. Máthé, K. Vörös, L. Papp, J. Reiczigel
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica  vol: 54  issue: 3  first page: 367  year: 2006  
doi: 10.1556/avet.54.2006.3.7