Original Research

The efficacy of a generic doxycycline tablet in the treatment of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis

Josephus J. Fourie, Ivan Horak, Dionne Crafford, Heidi L. Erasmus, Ockert J. Botha
Journal of the South African Veterinary Association | Vol 86, No 1 | a1193 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/jsava.v86i1.1193 | © 2015 Josephus J. Fourie, Ivan Horak, Dionne Crafford, Heidi L. Erasmus, Ockert J. Botha | This work is licensed under CC Attribution 4.0
Submitted: 03 June 2014 | Published: 25 March 2015

About the author(s)

Josephus J. Fourie, ClinVet International, Universitas, South Africa
Ivan Horak, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Dionne Crafford, ClinVet International, Universitas, South Africa; Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
Heidi L. Erasmus, ClinVet International, Universitas, South Africa
Ockert J. Botha, Vetsbrands, Fairland, South Africa

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of a generic doxycycline tablet (DoxyVet®) against Ehrlichia canis infection in dogs. Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis is caused by the bacterium E. canis and transmitted by the brown kennel tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). Six disease-free and tick-free dogs were infested with E. canis infected ticks. Once diagnosed (with polymerase chain reaction [PCR] analysis and platelet counts) as positive for infection, doxycycline tablets were administered orally once a day for 20 consecutive days, at a target dose level of 10 mg/kg. The actual dose administered was calculated as ranging between 10 mg/kg and 11.7 mg/kg. The PCR analysis, 28 days after the first administration of the tablets, failed to detect E. canis in any of the dogs. On Day 56 of the study, four of the dogs were diagnosed with E. canis for the second time and a fifth dog was diagnosed on Day 70. The platelet counts of the sixth dog remained within normal levels and it was discharged from the study on Day 84. Doxycycline tablets were then administered to the remaining five infected dogs for 28 consecutive days. Four of these dogs had no positive PCR results during the following 3 months. The fifth dog was diagnosed with E. canis for the third time 58 days after the last tablets of the second treatment had been administered, after which it was rescue treated (doxycycline for a further 28 days). The results indicate that doxycycline administered in tablet form (DoxyVet®) at 10 mg/kg – 11.7 mg/kg body mass once daily for 28 consecutive days clears most dogs of infection. The importance of a concomitant tick-control programme is therefore stressed.

Keywords

canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, doxycycline, Ehrlichia canis, Rhipicephalus sanguineus

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